Actually, I'll have to disagree to some extent with both of these points of view.
The standard narrative of prehistory is that life for homo sapiens in the olden days was short, brutish, filled with hardships and dangers. There is now more and more evidence to the contrary - our ancestors as far back as over 100,000 years ago had abundant food, no pollution, low stress levels and lived in supportive, egalitarian, communally-organized groups of hunter-gatherers numbering up to 100 to 150 in size. Sure, the occasional out break of an infectious disease would wipe out whole clans and the entire species dwindled down to about 100,000 total on earth during the last Ice Age but, even with little medical attention, our ancestors are now speculated to have had approximately the same life expectancy as modern man. In other words, we need all our medicine today to just keep in check the mounting stress and pollution that wreck us.
"Sex at Dawn" makes a very strong argument in favour of the "so-called socio-sexual" exchanges in early human hunter-gatherer tribes where the bonds of the group were maintained with frequent mating between females and males without any regard to pair-bonding. It was a social activity! Both men and women had many partners which contributed to group cohesion. Paternity was not certain at all and the clan would raise the child as a group rather than it being tethered to a singular mother/father pair. In fact, our evolutionary design points towards that:
- Humans have, proportionally, the largest penises among the primates
- The pronounced buttocks of the female
- The pronounced breasts of the female where size has little to nothing to do with breastfeeding
- The concealed ovulation of the female suggesting that, by evolutionary design, paternity was supposed to be hidden
- And last but not least, the fact that humans are the only ape species that copulate outside of the ovulation cycle!
Monogamy is a by-product of the rise of agriculture (dating back to probably only about 7,000 to 10,000 years ago) and private property which gave rise to patriarchal societies (and war as we know it) and created the concern about heredity and, specifically, the certainty about paternity. Even so, monogamy was not in any way a standard in many Western societies for many thousands of years yet. Queen Victoria, the Romantics and, more recently, swooning romantic Hollywood movies have tried very hard to sell it, armed with religion or politically-motivated brown-nosing science, but the reality is that monogamy is, to most people, either a stretch, a compromise or a surrender. Our wiring simply does not work that way.
As to a future where death is an option rather than a certainty, notwithstanding science fiction, I'll take the certainty - there's only so many of us that can feed reasonably well on this planet!
I'll just have to make every moment until then really count
Cheers to all!
The Hipsters